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Dasius of Durostorum (Дазий Доростолски) was a Bulgarian saint. He was a Roman soldier of Legio XI Claudiana at Durostorum (modern Silistra), Moesia Inferior who was beheaded in the early 4th century after his refusal to take the part of "king" in the local Saturnalia celebrations. ==Acta Dasii== Dasius was the first of twelve martyrs executed at Durostorum during the Diocletianic Persecution. A Greek ''Passion'' of St. Dasius survives, also known as the ''Acta Dasii'', dated to between the late 4th and late 6th centuries. This text was discovered in the 1890s by Franz Cumont in an 11th-century manuscript.〔edited in ''Analecta Bollandiana'' vol. XVI (1897), 5-16. The ms. edited by Cumont dates to the 11th century (BnF ms. 1539). A more recent critical edition is by Pillinger (1988).〕 Before Cumont's discovery, the saint had only been known from short entries in various medieval martyrologies. The text of the ''Acta Dasii'' as it survives does not have an earlier date than the late 4th century, as Dasius is anachronistically depicted as professing the Neo-Nicene (Niceno–Constantinopolitan) creed as laid down in 381.〔Hanns Christof Brennecke, "'An fidelis ad militiam converti possit?' Frühchristliches Bekenntnis und Militärdienst im Widerspruch" in: Wyrwa (ed.) ''Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft und die Kunde der älteren Kirche'', Berlin (1997), 45-100 (esp. 75-77).〕 Cumont himself dated the text to the 5th or 6th century, considering the possibility that this text was in turn based on an older, 4th-century Latin text, which would have been written within a few decades of the historical event. Cumont's assumptions are primarily based on linguistic considerations, especially on the numerous Latinisms in the Greek text. Cumont (1897) was of the opinion that much of the text reflects a historical event. A number of minor anachronisms were introduced when the Latin text was translated into Greek in the 5th or 6th century. There was a significant scholarly debate on the text during the years following Cumont's conclusions. Pillinger (1988:30) has also called into question some of Cumont's opinions in her more recent edition of the text. The text purports to present a record of the questioning of Dasius by a legate called Bassus. In this dialogue, Dasius also refuses to honour the Imperial cult. The situation as described in the text thus presupposes the fourth Diocletian edict of 304, which required Roman soldiers to sacrifice to the emperor. Many veteran legionaries had been openly Christian during many years of service and now suddenly found themselves before the choice of either renouncing their religion or facing execution. After being questioned, Dasius is tortured and finally decapitated by one Johannes Aniketos. But hagiographical tradition tends to assign slightly earlier date to the martyrdom, either 302, 303 or 292. A parallel case is recorded in the ''passion'' of Julius the Veteran. The text is unusual for a ''passio'' because it dedicates about one third of its content to a description of the Saturnalia festival celebrated by the pagan legionaries stationed in Durostorum. Each year, a legionary was chosen by lot to be the "king" of the festival for one month, which gave him unusual privileges and licence, but at the end of the month this "king" would be sacrificed before the altar of Saturn. In the year in questio, the lot fell on Dasius, for whom, as a Christian, this was doubly condemning, as not only would he have to spend a month worshipping pagan idols, he would also then lose his life as a sacrifice to a pagan deity and damn his soul. Therefore, he preferred to refuse to accept the role of king and accept torture and execution instead. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dasius of Durostorum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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